COLDS AND FLU
The runny nose, cough, and sore throat of a cold are hard to escape; most people suffer two or three bouts with the enemy a year. That’s why it’s called “the common cold”.
In the winter months, flu inflicts a similar misery on fever, as well as muscle and joint aches.
Colds and flu are highly contagious respiratory infections that are caused by viruses. More than 200 cold viruses have been identified; unfortunately, developing immunity to one does not product you from the others. There are fewer viruses, but they undergo frequent mutations-that is , they change their protein structure just a little- each year as they sweep around the globe. Doctors recommend annual flu shots for everyone people of any age who have a circulatory, respiratory, kidney, metabolic, or immune disorder.
CATCHING THE “BUG”
Colds and flu are spread when virus-laden fluid droplets are released into the air by coughing and sneezing or transferred to surfaces by touch. If you sit in a draft, your temperature may drop just enough to activate the cold viruses that have been biding their time in your nasal passages.
When you breathe overly dry air(especially in planes and artificially ventilated office buildings), your nasal passages may form tiny cracks that provide an entryway for viruses. The best defense is plenty of fluids to rehydrate the tender membranes; try using a humidifier or opening the window to improve air quality.
You’re more vulnerable to colds and flu when your immune system is depressed. Preventive steps include avoiding alcohol, getting plenty of rest, and reducing stress levels.
WHEN TO SEE A DOCTOR
Most colds and bouts of flu go away by themselves, but a doctor should be seen if you have:
· A cough that produces green, yellow or bloody phlegm.
· A severe headache or pain in the face, jaw, or ear.
· Trouble swallowing or breathing.
· A fever over 100* (37.8*C) that lasts more than 48 fours.
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