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ANOREXIA NERVOSA
CONSUME
A variety of nutritious foods in small amounts

Calorie-enriched liquid supplements and possibly multivitamin supplements, if approved by a doctor

LIMIT
Diet soft drinks and low-calorie diet foods
Appetite suppressants, diuretics, and laxatives


The cause of anorexia-a medical term for appetite loss-is unknown. Researchers believe that a combination of hormonal, social and psychological factors are responsible. The disease often begins in adolescence, a time of tremendous hormonal and psychological change. Convinced that she is too fat, regardless of how much she weighs, a girl begins obsessive dieting. Some girls adopt a very restricted diet. Others become overly preoccupied with food, often planning and preparing elaborate meals that they then refuse to eat. And when the anorexic does eat, she may resort to self-induced vomiting or laxative abuse to avoid gaining weight. Many anorexics also exercise obsessively.
Take note of tell-tale signs
As the disease progresses, menstruation ceases and nutritional deficiencies develop. Many anorexics try to hide their thinness by wearing oversized clothes; physical indications of anorexia include fatigue, nervousness or hyperactivity, dry skin, hair loss, and intolerance to cold. More serious consequences include cardiac arrhythmias, loss of bone mass, kidney failure, and in about 6 percent of cases, death.

TREATMENT STRATEGIES
Anorexia often requires intensive long-term treatment, preferably by team experienced with eating disorders; a doctor to treat starvation-induced medical problems, a psychiatrist, and a dietitian. Family members can also benefit from counseling.

Anorexics tend to defend their eating habits and resist treatment. Most are treated as out-patients; in severe cases, hospitalization and nutritional therapy are necessary.

The biggest hurdle is to help the anorexic overcome her abnormal fear of food and distorted self-image of being fat. Counseling is directed to uncovering the source of these fears.

Monitor food intake closely
Anorexics are skilled at deceiving others about their eating. Relapses are common and close monitoring may be necessary to ensure that the anorexic is really eating. But avoid making food a constant source of attention and conflict; group therapy can be more helpful than parental nagging.