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KIDNEY DISEASE
CONSUME PLENTY OF
· Liquids to replace lost fluids and maintain fluid balance.

LIMIT
· Foods high in oxalates ( citrus fruits, berries, rhubarb, leafy green vegetables, beets, peppers, and chocolate), to prevent kidney stones.
· Salt to reduce fluid retention and prevent high blood pressure.

AVOID
· Over-the-counter painkillers, vitamin pills, and calcium supplements, which have side effects and interactions that cause kidney damage.


Kidney disease may be either a primary condition, such as kidney stones, or a consequence of other disorders, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes-all of which can severely damage the organs’ blood vessels. Older men are susceptible to kidney infections stemming from enlargement of the prostate. Pregnant woman and diabetics are vulnerable to infections of the urinary tract. Side effects from drugs are common and preventable cause of serious kidney disorders.

Healthy people should not wait for problems to crop up; rather, they should try to follow a diet that will help prevent kidney disorders. Drink plenty of liquids to flush the urinary system and replace lost fluids, and consume a low-fat diet that emphasizes starchy foods, vegetables, and fruits.

Diet is crucial in treating kidney problems. If you have a serious kidney disease, your doctor will probably refer you to a clinical dietitian for advice concerning changes to your diet. The allowable types and portions of foods differ, depending upon the type and severity of the kidney disorder.

KIDNEY STONES
Some people suffer their first attack after taking up a steady exercise program, such as jogging, and failing to drink enough fluids to replace the amount lost in sweat. At least half of those who suffer one attack will have a recurrence.
Kidney stones form when crystalline minerals-normally flushed away in the urine-stick together to form clumps, ranging in size from a grain of sand of coarse gravel. The cause may be gout or another metabolic problem, or it may be a structural or metabolic abnormality within the kidney. when kidney stones block any part of the urinary system, especially the ureters or bladder, they cause intense pain. Stones may pass through the system; others must be removed surgically or by sound-wave treatment.


KIDNEY FAILURE
Kidney failure may be either a temporary response to acute shock or injury or a severe long-term state necessitating drastic treatment. Acute kidney failure may be caused by severe infection, burns, diarrhea or vomiting, poisoning, surgery or kidney injury. When the problem is resolved, function usually returns to normal. chronic kidney failure may be caused by untreated hypertension, poorly controlled diabetes, or an inborn condition. Severe chronic, or end-stage, kidney failure requires regular dialysis- in which a machine removes waste products from the blood- or where possible, kidney transplantation.

Diet is extremely important in the management of kidney failure
General recommendations include restricting phosphorus, potassium, protein, and salt. Fluids must be monitored. With too little, the electrolytes are out of balance; with too much, fluid retention causes edema and electrolyte problems, and contributes to high blood pressure and perhaps congestive heart failure. Protein needs must be adjusted as kidney function, dialysis, or stress levels change.

Kidney failure requires highly specialized medical care. No changes in diet should be made without a doctor’s approval. Consult regularly with a specialist dietitian who will monitor the diet and make any necessary adjustments in the amounts of nutrients, including vitamin and mineral supplements.